Table of contents
- Social engineering: what it Is and its meaning
- Social engineering: attack methods
- Defending against social engineering attacks: advanced tools
- Social engineering: examples and notable cases
- Types of social engineering attacks
- Comprehensive strategies for defending against social engineering attacks
Social engineering represents one of the most insidious threats in the landscape of cyber security. But what is social engineering? This term refers to a set of manipulative techniques used by cybercriminals to obtain sensitive information from people, bypassing technical security measures.
Social engineering: what it is and its meaning
To fully understand social engineering, it is necessary to delve into its meaning. Social engineering is based on psychological manipulation to induce people to perform actions or disclose confidential information. Social engineering attacks can take many forms, such as phishing, spear phishing, fraudulent use of social media, and other deceptive methods.
Social engineering: attack methods
How do social engineering attacks occur?
Social engineering is a devious technique that exploits psychological manipulation to obtain sensitive information or induce people to perform actions that compromise the security of IT systems. To defend effectively, it is essential to know the attack methods used by cybercriminals. Here we explore some of the most common methods and their variants.
- Phishing
Phishing is one of the most widespread social engineering techniques. In phishing attacks, attackers send emails or messages that appear to come from reliable sources, such as banks, online services, or colleagues. These messages usually contain a link to a fake website or a malicious attachment. When victims click the link or open the attachment, their sensitive data, such as phone numbers, login credentials, and bank account numbers, are stolen.
- Spear phishing
Spear phishing is a more targeted variant of phishing. Instead of sending generic messages to a broad audience, attackers personalize emails for specific individuals or organizations. They gather information from victims through social media or other public sources, making the emails extremely convincing. This increases the likelihood that the victim will fall into the trap.
- Pretexting
Pretexting is a method where the attacker creates a plausible pretext or story to convince the victim to reveal personal or business information. For example, an attacker might pretend to be a colleague or a service provider needing specific data to complete an urgent task. The goal is to build a credible narrative that induces the victim to trust and share sensitive information.
- Baiting
Baiting exploits the curiosity or greed of victims. Attackers leave infected devices, such as USB sticks, in public places or send irresistible offers online. When someone finds the USB stick and inserts it into their computer, or clicks on an online offer, the malware installs on the system, allowing attackers to steal data or compromise the device.
- Quid pro quo
Quid pro quo is a technique where attackers offer something in exchange for sensitive information. For example, they might pretend to be IT support technicians offering free assistance in exchange for login credentials. In other cases, they might promise rewards or discounts to anyone who provides personal data. This technique exploits the victim’s desire to obtain something valuable in exchange for their information.
- Tailgating
Tailgating, also known as “piggybacking,” is a physical social engineering technique. Attackers infiltrate restricted areas by closely following an authorized employee who opens a door or passes through a security barrier. Often, they courteously ask the employee to hold the door open, exploiting the victim’s kindness or distraction to gain unauthorized access.
- Social media exploitation
Cybercriminals exploit social media to gather information about their victims. They monitor personal and business profiles to obtain details that can be used for personalized attacks. They can also create fake profiles to connect with victims and gain their trust, then ask for sensitive information or spread malware.
- Vishing
Vishing (voice phishing) is a technique that uses phone calls to deceive victims. Attackers pretend to be representatives of trusted institutions, such as banks or government offices, and ask for sensitive information, such as account numbers or security codes. The urgent tone of the calls and the apparent legitimacy of the caller can convince victims to share their data.
Defending against social engineering attacks: advanced tools
To defend against social engineering attacks, it is advisable to use a combination of advanced technologies and aware security practices. Here’s what should be used:
- Antivirus and antimalware software
These programs can detect and block phishing attempts and other malicious attacks. Keeping these software updated is essential to protect against emerging threats.
- Two-factor authentication (2FA)
The use of two-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security, requiring users to confirm their identity through a second device or method, in addition to the password.
- Cyber security training
Educating employees and users about the risks of social engineering and how to recognize attack attempts is crucial. Regular training programs can improve awareness and preparedness.
- Monitoring IT aystems
Using monitoring software can help detect suspicious activity on corporate IT systems. This allows for a quick response in case of violations.
- Email filtering and advanced protection
Advanced email filtering solutions can identify and block phishing attempts before they reach end users.
Social engineering: examples and notable cases
Social engineering has led to some of the most notorious and devastating cyber attacks in recent history. These cases not only illustrate the effectiveness of psychological manipulation techniques used by cybercriminals but also serve as a warning for the need for greater awareness and protection against such threats. Below we explore some examples and notable cases of social engineering attacks that have had a significant impact.
- Twitter attack of 2020
One of the most blatant social engineering attacks was the one suffered by Twitter in July 2020. Hackers used spear phishing techniques to target employees with access to the company’s internal systems. Pretending to be colleagues and using social engineering tactics, attackers managed to obtain privileged access credentials. This allowed them to take control of numerous high-profile accounts, including those of personalities such as Elon Musk, Barack Obama, Joe Biden, and many other influential figures. Hackers used these accounts to promote a cryptocurrency scam, promising to double the bitcoins sent to a specific address. The attack highlighted the vulnerability of systems even in advanced technology companies and the importance of security training for all employees.
- Sony pictures attack of 2014
In 2014, Sony Pictures was the victim of a devastating cyber attack that led to the disclosure of a large amount of sensitive data, including private emails, employee information, and unreleased films. The attack began with a social engineering phase known as pretexting. Attackers used spear phishing techniques to gain access to the company’s systems, pretending to be representatives of trusted entities and convincing employees to provide their access credentials. This attack had a significant impact on the film industry and underscored the importance of protecting internal communications and corporate data.
- Target attack of 2013
One of the most costly social engineering attacks was the one suffered by the Target retail chain in 2013. Hackers initially compromised a Target HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) service provider using phishing techniques to obtain network management system access credentials. Once they gained access, cybercriminals managed to penetrate Target’s payment system, stealing data from about 40 million credit and debit cards during the holiday season. This attack caused enormous financial damage and led to increased attention to supply chain security and the need for multilayer protection.
- Yahoo attack of 2013-2014
Yahoo experienced a series of attacks between 2013 and 2014 that compromised the accounts of over 3 billion users. Attackers used a combination of phishing and social engineering techniques to gain access to user data. The consequences of this attack were devastating, leading to the loss of user trust and severe damage to the company’s reputation. This case demonstrated the importance of protecting user information and adopting robust security measures to prevent unauthorized access.
Types of social engineering attacks
In addition to phishing and spear phishing, there are other types of social engineering attacks that cybercriminals can use. Pretexting, as mentioned, involves creating a plausible story to obtain information. Quid pro quo is based on the principle of exchange, where attackers offer something in return for sensitive data. Baiting, where criminals leave infected devices in public places hoping someone will pick them up and use them, is also a common technique.
Comprehensive strategies for defending against social engineering attacks
Protecting against social engineering attacks requires a multifaceted approach that combines technology, training, and vigilance. Understanding the meaning and methods of social engineering is the first step to defending effectively. By implementing advanced tools such as antivirus software, two-factor authentication, and training programs, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to these sophisticated attacks.
FAQ
- What is social engineering?
Social engineering is a psychological manipulation technique used by cybercriminals to obtain sensitive information or induce people to perform actions that compromise security. - What are the most common social engineering methods?
The most common methods include phishing, spear phishing, pretexting, quid pro quo, and baiting. - How can I protect myself from social engineering attacks?
By using antivirus software, two-factor authentication, security training, and monitoring IT systems. - What is the difference between phishing and spear phishing?
Phishing is a generic attack aimed at a broad audience, while spear phishing is a targeted attack on specific individuals with personalized emails. - Why is security training important?
Training helps raise awareness of risks and recognize attack attempts, improving the ability to defend oneself. - What are some known examples of social engineering attacks?
Notable attacks include the hacking of Twitter in 2020 and the Sony Pictures attack in 2014. - What should a company do to protect its systems?
A company should use advanced security software, implement robust authentication policies, educate employees, and constantly monitor systems for suspicious activity.
